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1.
Acta bioeth ; 28(2): 215-226, oct. 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1402924

ABSTRACT

Resumen: En los últimos años se han realizado estudios de asociación del genoma completo, con el objetivo de identificar variantes genéticas asociadas a la interindividualidad de la respuesta a tratamientos dietéticos para la pérdida de peso. Estos esfuerzos de la genómica nutricional contribuyen con los avances de la ciencia de la nutrición 4.0: preventiva, participativa, predictiva y personalizada. Sin embargo, aunque a la fecha se ha descubierto millones de polimorfismos en el genoma humano, estos hallazgos no indican que la presencia de estas variaciones determina un efecto sobre la salud del individuo. Por lo anterior, el uso del perfil nutrigenético para la pérdida de peso conduce a un análisis sobre riesgos y beneficios a la luz de los principios bioéticos centrados en la unidad, individualidad y unicidad de la persona humana. Así, con base en pensadores clásicos como Aristóteles y Tomás de Aquino, pero con la contribución de filósofos contemporáneos, como Robert Spaemman, se define a la persona como sustancia individual de naturaleza racional, desglosando las dimensiones fundamentales para demostrar, por argumentación, que el principio de individualidad no solo incluye la dimensión biológica (naturalismo materialista), sino la unidad de la persona perteneciente a la naturaleza humana.


Abstract: In recent years, whole genome association studies have been conducted to identify genetic variants associated with the interindividuality of response to dietary treatments for weight loss. These nutritional genomics efforts contribute to the advancement of nutrition science 4.0: preventive, participatory, predictive and personalized. However, although to date more than 85 million polymorphisms have been discovered in the human genome, these findings do not indicate that the presence of these variations determines an effect on a personal health. Therefore, the use of the nutrigenetic profile for weight loss leads to analyze the risks/benefits with the bioethical principles focused on the unity, individuality and uniqueness of the human person. Thus, based on classical thinkers such as Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, but with the contribution of contemporary philosophers, such as Robert Spaemman, the person is defined as an individual substance of a rational nature, breaking down the fundamental dimensions to demonstrate, by argumentation, that the principle individuality not only includes the biological dimension (materialistic naturalism), but the unity of the person belonging to human nature.


Resumo: Nos últimos anos tem se realizado estudos de associação do genoma completo, com o objetivo de identificar variantes genéticas associadas à inter-individualidade da resposta a tratamentos dietéticos para a perda de peso. Esses esforços da genômica nutricional contribuem para os avanços da ciência da nutrição 4.0: preventiva, participativa, preditiva e personalizada. Sem dúvida, ainda que até hoje tenham sido descobertos milhões de polimorfismos no genoma humano, esses achados não indicam que a presença dessas variações determine um efeito sobre a saúde do indivíduo. Assim, o uso do perfil nutrigenético para a perda de peso conduz a uma análise sobre os riscos/benefícios à luz dos princípios bioéticos centrados na unidade, individualidade e unicidade da pessoa humana. Assim, com base em pensadores clássicos como Aristóteles e Tomás de Aquino, porém com a contribuição de filósofos contemporâneos como Robert Spaemman, define-se a pessoa como substância individual de natureza racional, separando as dimensões fundamentais para demostrar, por argumentação, que o princípio da individualidade não somente inclui a dimensão biológica (naturalismo materialista), como também a unidade da pessoa pertencente à natureza humana.


Subject(s)
Humans , Risk Assessment , Nutrigenomics/ethics , Individuality , Obesity/therapy , Weight Loss
2.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-226240

ABSTRACT

Nutrigenomics is an emerging branch of science that creates foundation of the relationship between nutrients from diets and their effects on expression of genomes. It also encompasses the heterogenous response of gene to different nutrients, dietary components and developing nutraceuticals under the heading of nutrigenetics. Exploring the aspects of nutrigenomics has been conceptualised to develop the approaches for the determination of the etiology of different physiological conditions, pathological conditions alongside the management of different morbidities by application of the dietics and also prevention of certain possible gene expression causing morbid conditions. All these facts that diet plays in determination of health or disease have already been mentioned in the ancient times by the scholars of Ayurveda. Ayurgenomics in other side includes of classical facts that has been mentioned in the Ayurvedic classic texts which clearly mentions that the Aahar determines the state of health and diseased conditions in an individual. It determines the individuality in the requirement of the nutritional sources in all different individual is different and unique. When the nutrition for the individual is personalised determining the Prakriti (constitution) of the individual, this will ensure maintaining the health and resolving the diseases in the subject. Also different forms of incompatible combinations of Aahar have also been mentioned in Ayurveda and their different levels of effects in different individual have been described under the topic of Virruddhaahar. Analytical study of these subjects together could be manifested in the management of different pathological conditions or even for the prevention of the disease condition in the field of disease management

3.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 65(6): 787-793, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1349989

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum activity of PON1 in women according to SNPs L55M and T-107C and diet composition. Materials and methods: Blood and serum samples from 26 women were used. DNA extraction, PCR and digestion with restriction enzymes of the PCR fragment were performed for genotyping the PON1 SNPs T-107C and L55M. Serum PON1 activity was measured in a single time point. Patients completed the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and diet composition was estimated. Results: Genotypic distribution for L55M SNP was 56% for the LL genotype, 32% for LM and 12% for MM; for the PON1 C(-107)T SNP it was 28% for the TT genotype, 41% for CT and 31% for CC. Individuals with C and L alleles had higher serum PON1 activity. Combining the two SNPs, we observed that individuals carrying the LL and CC genotypes had twice the activity of carriers of the TT and MM genotypes. Considering food intake, no significant difference was observed between genotypes and intake levels. Conclusion: PON1 T(-107)C and L55M SNPs exert a strong effect on serum PON1 activity in an additive manner and are more important than diet to predict serum PON1 activity.


Subject(s)
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Aryldialkylphosphatase/genetics , Diet , Alleles , Genotype
4.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 25(1): 61-77, jan-abr. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1151421

ABSTRACT

A obesidade é caracterizada pelo aumento excessivo da gordura corporal e está ligada ao estilo de vida, ao meio ambiente e a genética do indivíduo. O equilíbrio entre ingestão e gasto energético é controlado por mecanismos neurais, hormonais, químicos e genéticos. Estudos sugerem que o gene FTO (Fat mass and obesity associated) atua como regulador primário do acúmulo de gordura corporal, quando associado a SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) específicos, predispõe à obesidade. O propósito deste trabalho foi verificar a produção científica, analisar e catalogar os estudos de polimorfismos no gene FTO associados à obesidade e suas comorbidades. A busca por publicações entre 2009 e 2018 foi realizada na base de dados SciELO com a palavra-chave "FTO". Foram encontrados 23 artigos originais dentro dos critérios da pesquisa que correlacionam o FTO à obesidade. O nome do autor principal, país, idioma, ano de publicação, título, objetivo, polimorfismo associado e os resultados dos estudos foram extraídos e organizados para facilitar a tabulação dos dados. Também foram pesquisados os números de citações de cada artigo, utilizando-se a plataforma Google Acadêmico. Embora o Brasil se encontre em primeiro lugar em produção científica para o gene FTO na base de dados prospectada, o número de artigos originais ainda é muito modesto. Assim, os resultados encontrados podem servir de subsídio no delineamento de novas pesquisas sobre os polimorfismos do gene FTO e as causas da obesidade.


Obesity is characterized by the excessive increase in body fat and is correlated to the lifestyle, environment, and also to the genetics of the individual. The balance between energy intake and expenditure is controlled by neural, hormonal, chemical, and genetic mechanisms. Studies suggest that the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated), a gene associated with fat mass, plays a role as a primary regulator of body fat buildup, when associated to specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), causing predisposition to obesity. This paper aimed at reviewing, analyzing, and cataloguing the studies on FTO gene polymorphisms associated with obesity and its comorbidities. The search was carried out in SciELO database, checking articles published between 2009 and 2018 using the keyword "FTO". Twenty-three original articles, matching the research criteria, correlating FTO either positively or negatively with obesity, were found. The main author's name, country, language, year of publication, title, objective, associated polymorphism, and the study results were extracted and organized to facilitate data tabulation. The citation numbers for each article were also searched by using the Google Scholar platform. Although Brazil ranks first in scientific production on the FTO gene in the surveyed database, the number of original articles is still very modest. Therefore, the results found in this paper may be used as a basis for the design of new research on the FTO gene polymorphisms and the causes of obesity.


Subject(s)
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Genetics , Obesity/genetics , Satiety Response , Energy Intake/genetics , Body Mass Index , Adipose Tissue , Lipid Metabolism/genetics , Nutrigenomics , Fats , Genotype , Life Style , Metabolism/genetics
5.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 24(2): 81-85, maio-ago. 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1116356

ABSTRACT

A obesidade possui vários prejuízos para a saúde e está associada à inúmeras patologias e baixa expectativa de vida. O desequilíbrio alimentar é um fator que necessita de atenção especial, pois é capaz de alterar as interações entre nutrientes e genes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as principais linhas de pesquisa associadas à nutrigenômica, e evidenciar a relação da influência da nutrição na expressão de genes relacionados à obesidade. Realizou-se o levantamento bibliográfico e a análise cienciométrica por meio do banco de dados publicados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e do Centro Latino-Americano de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME). Identificou-se 118 artigos originais, os quais foram agrupados em cinco classes: restrição calórica, expressão gênica, alimentos, intervenção dietética e diversos. Os resultados evidenciaram que a restrição calórica possui relação direta da expressão gênica com o controle das células cancerígenas e a diminuição do excesso de tecido adiposo. Além disso, a análise cienciométrica relacionou a importância das fibras alimentares na redução do colesterol e sensibilidade à insulina, bem como a ação do jejum na regulação negativa de genes que contribuem para o crescimento do tecido adiposo. Dessa forma, este artigo fornece princípios ideológicos para auxiliar especialistas na aplicabilidade de estratégias para atingir a redução de peso sustentável por meio da expressão gênica.


Obesity has several health risks and is associated with numerous pathologies and low life expectancy. Food imbalance is a factor that needs special attention, as it is able to change the interactions between nutrients and genes. This study aimed at verifying the main lines of research associated with nutrigenomics, and at showing the relationship of the influence of nutrition on the expression of genes related to obesity. The bibliographic survey and scientometric analysis were carried out through the database published in the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) and the Centro Latino-Americano de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME). A total of 118 articles of original research were identified, and were grouped into five categories: caloric restriction; gene expression; food; dietary intervention; and miscellaneous. The results showed that caloric restriction has a direct relationship between gene expression and the control of cancer cells and the reduction of excess adipose tissue. Furthermore, the scientometric analysis related the importance of dietary fibers in reducing cholesterol and insulin sensitivity as well as the action of fasting in the negative regulation of genes that contribute to the growth of adipose tissue. Thus, this paper provides ideological principles to assist specialists in the applicability of strategies to achieve sustainable weight reduction through gene expression.


Subject(s)
Gene Expression/genetics , Food/adverse effects , Obesity/genetics , Dietary Fiber , Weight Loss , Adipose Tissue , Caloric Restriction , Dietetics , Nutritional Sciences , Nutrigenomics , Insulin , Neoplasms
6.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 63(3): 272-279, May-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011169

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective The aims of this study were to investigate changes in serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity in women at the pre and postmenopausal stages and its association with the PON1 C(-107)T polymorphism and food intake profile. Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study with female patients aged between 35 and 59 years old was conducted. Women were divided into two groups: premenopausal (n = 40) and postmenopausal (n = 36). Women enrolled in the study had serum PON1, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, glucose and HbA1c, as well as the BMI measured. Additionally, women were genotyped for the PON1 T(-107)C polymorphism and the food intake profile was obtained through interview. Results Glucose (p = 0.03), HbA1c (p = 0.002) and total cholesterol (p = 0.002)concentrations were higher in post than premenopausal women, however PON1 activity was not different (p > 0.05). Carriers of the C allele had higher PON1 activity (CC: 88.9 ± 6.5 U/mL and CT: 79.9 ± 4.7 U/mL) than women of the TT genotype (66.6 ± 5.9 U/mL) (p < 0.05). However, the model predicting PON1 activity was slightly better when genotype, total fat and cholesterol content in the diet were all included. Conclusion In sum, we observed that the PON1 C(-107)T genotype was the major regulator of PON1 activity, and menopause had no effect on PON1 activity. The lipid and glycemic profile were altered in postmenopausal women.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Premenopause/blood , Postmenopause/blood , Aryldialkylphosphatase/blood , Eating , Cross-Sectional Studies , Premenopause/metabolism , Postmenopause/metabolism , Aryldialkylphosphatase/genetics , Genotype
7.
Nutrire Rev. Soc. Bras. Aliment. Nutr ; 42: 1-8, Dec. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-881179

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases constitute the main death cause worldwide resulting from a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, and the prevalence among younger individuals has increased. It is important to early identify changes in lipid profile and the influence of genetic variations in specific genes on the individual patterns of lipid profile. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the relationship of polymorphisms in PPAR-gamma gene (PPARG−rs1801282−Pro12Ala) and in apolipoprotein E gene (APOE−rs429358 + rs7412, determinants of the APOE2, APOE3, or APOE4 genotypes) with lipid profile of adolescents under cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with 115 adolescents aged 10­19 years, which presented cardiovascular risk factors. The students were evaluated regarding socioeconomic, anthropometric, biochemical, genetic, and dietetic variables. Student'sttest or Mann-Whitney test were applied to the analysis of the genotypes. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the variables that most influenced the lipid profile. RESULTS: Adolescents carrying PPARG Ala allele showed higher serum triglycerides (p= 0.0423) and very low-density lipoprotein (p= 0.0410) levels when compared to those carrying the wild genotype. For the APOE polymorphism, it was observed a trend of higher triglycerides (p= 0.0712) and very low-density lipoprotein (p= 0.0758) levels in the adolescents carrying the E4 allele when compared to those who did not carry this allele. CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms PPARGrs1801282 andAPOErs429358 + rs7412 seem to be related to the development of lipid profile alterations in adolescents.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , PPAR gamma/genetics , Dyslipidemias/genetics , Overweight/genetics
8.
Br J Med Med Res ; 2016; 16(6): 1-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-183329

ABSTRACT

A great amount of research has focused on nutritional genomics in order to personalize dietary interventions based upon genetic premises. The aim of nutritional genomics research is to use this information as a preventive tool in primary care, through personalized dietary advice to populations or to individuals. Increasing the understanding of genetic traits on the part of dieticians and other healthcare professionals can complement the data that is required to create personalized recommendations for dietary intervention. A literature review was conducted by the author using PubMed journals from 2000 to the present day with regard to nutritional genomics studies in order to address the factors affecting dieticians in the provision of advice related to personalized nutrition. Inclusion criteria included research limited to human studies, in the English language and published after 2000. This review concludes that there is a huge demand for an increase in the knowledge and skills of dieticians in order to transform the genetic results and nutrigenomics message into common language as part of their clinical practice. This could be achieved by participation in specific training courses on diet and gene interaction, and by attending conferences and seminars to exchange their perspectives on nutritional genomics. In addition, there is a need to establish a healthcare system that supports and rewards these approaches and promotes their application.

9.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2016. 143 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-846571

ABSTRACT

The micronutrient selenium is essential to human physiology. As the amino acid selenocysteine, it is inserted into selenoproteins with a wide range of functions including antioxidant capacity, thyroid hormone metabolism, improvement of immune system, brain function, fertility and reproduction. Low selenium status has been associated with increased risk for chronic diseases, such as cancer, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this context, several studies have been conducted in order to investigate if selenium supplementation could reduce the risk of such diseases. However, genetic variations may interfere in the response of individuals to a dietary intervention and must be considered as a important source of inter-individual variation. Therefore, this study was conducted was conducted to investigate the influence of genetic variations in selenoproteins genes on the response to an intervention with Brazil nuts, the richest source of selenium known in nature. The study included 130 healthy volunteers with both genders, aged 20 to 60 years old selected in University of São Paulo. They received nuts for 8 weeks, eating one nut a day, and did a washout period for more 8 weeks. All volunteers had a blood sampling collection every 4 weeks during 4 months, in a total of 5. The following analysis were done: anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, plasma malondialdehyde, plasma and erythrocyte Se, selenoprotein P, plasma and erythrocyte GPx activity, gene expression of GPX1, SEPP1, SELS and SEP15. The volunteers were also genotyped for SNPs rs1050450, rs3811699, rs1800699, rs713041, rs3877899, rs7579, rs34713741 and rs5845. Each unit of Brazil nut provided an average of 300 µg of selenium. All 130 volunteers completed the protocol. The concentrations of total cholesterol and glucose decreased after 8 weeks of supplementation. Moreover, HDL concentrations were higher for carriers of the variant T allele for GPX4_rs713041. The frequencies of the variant genotypes were 5,4% for rs1050450, rs3811699 e rs1088668, 10% for rs3877899, 19,2% for rs713041 e rs7579, 11,5% for rs5845 and 8,5% for rs34713741. The levels of the five biomarkers increased significantly after supplementation. In addition, erythrocyte GPx activity was influenced by rs1050450, rs713041 and rs5845; erythrocyte selenium was influenced by rs5845 and plasma selenium by rs3877899. Gene expression of GPX1, SEPP1 and SEP15 were higher after supplementation. The SNP rs1050450 influenced GPX1 mRNA expression and rs7579 influenced SEPP1 mRNA expression. Therefore, it can be concluded that the supplementation with one of Brazil nut for 8 weeks was efficient to reduce total cholesterol and glucose levels and to increase the concentrations of the main biomarkers of selenium status in healthy adults. Furthermore, our results suggest that GPX4_rs713041 might interfere on HDL concentrations and GPx1 activity, GPX1_rs1050450 might interfere on GPx1 activity, SEP15_rs5845 might interfere on GPx1 activity and erythrocyte selenium and SEPP1_3877899 might interfere on plasma Se levels. Therefore, the effect of genetic variations should be considered in future nutritional interventions evaluating the response to Brazil nut supplementation


O micronutriente selênio é essencial para a fisiologia humana, inserido nas selenoproteínas na forma do aminoácido selenocisteína. As selenoproteínas são importantes para a função antioxidante, controle do metabolismo dos hormônios tireoidianos, melhora do sistema imune, função cerebral, fertilidade e reprodução. O estado nutricional de selênio deficiente ou marginal está associado com aumento do risco de doenças crônicas, como câncer, diabetes e doença cardiovascular. Sendo assim, diversos estudos procuraram investigar se a suplementação com selênio poderia reduzir o risco dessas doenças. Entretanto, as variações genéticas podem afetar a resposta dos indivíduos a uma intervenção dietética. Portanto, esse estudo foi conduzido para investigar a influência de variações genéticas em genes de selenoproteínas na resposta à suplementação com castanha-do-brasil, melhor fonte de selênio da natureza. Participaram do estudo 130 adultos de ambos os gêneros, com idade de 20 a 60 anos, selecionados na Universidade de São Paulo. Os indivíduos receberam castanhas suficientes para 8 semanas, ingerindo uma unidade por dia e, após o período de suplementação realizaram um período de washout também por 8 semanas. Todos realizaram cinco coletas de material biológico a cada quatro semanas. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas, perfil lipídico, malondialdeído (MDA), concentração de selênio e selenoproteína P no plasma, eritrócitos, atividade da GPx eritrocitária e plasmática, expressão gênica da GPX1, SEPP1, SELS e SEP15. Além disso, os participantes foram genotipados para os SNPs rs1050450, rs3811699, rs1800699, rs713041, rs3877899, rs7579, rs34713741 e rs5845. Cada unidade de castanha forneceu em média 350µg de selênio. Todos os 130 voluntários concluíram o estudo. As concentrações de glicose e colesterol total diminuíram após 8 semanas de suplementação. Além disso, as concentrações de HDL-c foram influenciadas pelo SNP rs713041 no gene da GPX4, sendo os valores mais altos encontrados para os indivíduos com o alelo variante T (CT+TT). As frequências dos genótipos variantes foram 5,4% para rs1050450, rs3811699 e rs1088668, 10% para rs3877899, 19,2% para rs713041 e rs7579, 11,5% para rs5845 e 8,5% para rs34713741. Os níveis dos cinco biomarcadores aumentaram significativamente após a suplementação. Além disso, a atividade da GPx eritrocitária foi influenciada pelos rs1050450, rs713041 e rs5845, o selênio eritrocitário foi influenciado pelo rs5845 e o selênio plasmático pelo rs3877899. A expressão dos genes GPX1 e SEPP foram maiores após a suplementação. Tendo em vista esses resultados, conclui-se que a suplementação com uma unidade de castanha-do-brasil durante 8 semanas foi suficiente para reduzir as concentrações de colesterol e de glicose, e elevar as concentrações dos principais biomarcadores do estado nutricional de selênio. Além disso, observou-se que o polimorfismo rs713041 parece influenciar as concentrações de HDL-c e atividade da GPx1, o polimorfismo rs1050450 parece influenciar a atividade da GPx1, o polimorfismo rs5845 parece influenciar a atividade da GPx1 e o selênio eritrocitário e o polimorfismo rs3877899 parece influenciar a o selênio plasmático. Portanto, sugere-se considerar o perfil genético dos indivíduos em futuros estudos avaliando a resposta à suplementação com castanha-do-brasil no estado nutricional de selênio da população


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Selenium/analysis , Bertholletia/adverse effects , Polymorphism, Genetic
10.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 48(3): 375-381, set. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-734247

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) ocupan los primeros lugares entre las causas de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial. Su desarrollo se inicia por la relación de procesos multifactoriales que incluyen factores genéticos y factores de riesgo potencialmente modificables, como la dieta. Las recomendaciones nutricionales actuales están centradas en reducir los factores de riesgo modificables, destacando el control de las concentraciones elevadas del colesterol plasmático. Sin embargo, esta variable es sólo una dentro de los múltiples factores de riesgo asociados a las ECV. Con el objetivo de identificar las interacciones nutrigenómicas y nutrigenéticas relacionadas con las ECV, se realizó una revisión sistemática de bibliografía en las bases de datos de PUBMED, ELSEVIER y SciELO, encontrándose que la interacción nutricional con algunos genes como la lipasa hepática, los alelos e2, e3, e4 y e5 de la apolipoproteína E modulan las concentraciones plasmáticas de lípidos. Esto potencia el riesgo de desarrollar una enfermedad cardiovascular, sin dejar de lado los efectos de la ingesta rica en ácidos grasos saturados. A pesar de esto se observa que no todos los individuos responden igual al consumo de grasas y no todos desarrollan dicha enfermedad. Este concepto es aplicable en el contexto de la nutrición personalizada como prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Se concluye que el tratamiento de la enfermedad cardiovascular depende de las variantes genéticas que influyen sobre la respuesta a la dieta y sobre la forma en cómo determinados nutrientes influyen sobre el genoma.


Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) rank first among the causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Their development started by the ratio of multifactorial factors including genetic factors and potentially modifiable risk factors, such as diet. The current nutritional recommendations focus on reducing modifiable risk factors, highlighting control of elevated plasma cholesterol. However, this variable is only within the multiple risk factors associated with CVD. With the objective of identifying the interactions related to nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and CVD, a systematic review of the literature in PUBMED, ELSEVIER and SciELO databases, made it possible to find that the nutritional interaction with some genes such as, hepatic lipase, e2, e3, e4 and e5 alleles of apolipoprotein E modulate plasma lipid levels, increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, without neglecting the effects of a diet rich in saturated fatty acids. However, this shows that not all individuals respond equally to fat and not all develop the disease. This concept is applicable in the context of personalized nutrition as prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, the treatment of cardiovascular disease depends on the genetic variants that influence the response to a diet and the way how certain nutrients influence the genome.


As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) ocupam o primeiro lugar entre as causas de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo. Seu desenvolvimento começou pela relação entre multifatorial, incluindo fatores genéticos e fatores de risco potencialmente modificáveis, como dieta. As recomendações nutricionais atuais concentrar em reduzir fatores de risco modificáveis , com destaque para o controle do colesterol plasmático elevado. No entanto, esta variável é somente dentro dos múltiplos fatores de risco associados a doenças cardiovasculares. A fim de identificar as interações relacionadas nutrigenômica nutrigenéticas e CVD, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura em bases de dados PUBMED, ELSEVIER e SciELO, constatação de que a interação nutricional com alguns genes como lipase hepática alelos e2, e3, e4 e e5 da apolipoproteína E modulam as concentrações de lipídios plasmáticos, o que aumenta o risco de desenvolver doença cardiovascular, sem descurar os efeitos de uma dieta rica em ácidos gordos saturados. Apesar disso, foi observado que nem todos os indivíduos reagiram igualmente gordura e não todo o desenvolvimento da doença. Este conceito é aplicado no contexto de nutrição personalizada como a prevenção e tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares. Em conclusão, o tratamento da doença cardiovascular em função das variantes genéticas que influenciam a resposta à dieta e na maneira como certos nutrientes influenciar o genoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism , Nutrigenomics , Nutrigenomics/trends , Cardiovascular Diseases , Metabolomics
11.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-162056

ABSTRACT

Nutrigenomics refers to the application of genomic principles in nutritional research, enables us to formulate associations between specific nutrients and genetic factors, e.g. the way in which food or food ingredients influence gene expression. It aims to identify the genes that influence the risk of diet-related diseases and also helpful to solve the mechanisms that underlie these genetic predispositions. In contrast, nutrigenetics reveals the coordination of genetic makeup of individuals with their responses to various dietary nutrients. It clarifies different responses to same nutrient by different individuals. Interaction of genetic background and diet with regard to development of chronic conditions as obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and cancer are discussed in present review. These two branches of nutrition resemble with two sides of a coin, facing towards opposite sides but simultaneously, they are intimately attached with each other. Collective efforts by the scientific community are needed to strictly follow guidelines put forth regarding experimental designs, analysis, and data storage for nutritional research. This strategy will be helpful to generate a sound database useful for clinicians and dietetic practitioners.


Subject(s)
Chronic Disease/diet therapy , Chronic Disease/genetics , Diet/genetics , Humans , Nutrigenomics/methods , Nutritional Sciences/methods
12.
Med. UIS ; 26(1): 29-35, ene.-abr. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-711447

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la relación de procesos multifactoriales que incluyen factores genéticos y factores de riesgo potencialmente modificables, como la dieta. Las recomendaciones nutricionales actuales están centradas en reducir los factores de riesgo modificables, como por ejemplo el control de las concentraciones elevadas de colesterol plasmático. Sin embargo, esta variable es sólo una dentro de los múltiples factores de riesgo asociados a la enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo: identificar las interacciones nutrigenómicas y nutrigenéticas relacionadas con la enfermedades cardiovasculares. Metodología: revisión sistemática de bibliografía en las bases de datos de PubMed, ELSEIVER y Scielo. Resultados: la interacción nutricional con algunos genes como, la lipasa hepática, apolipoproteína A-1, A-4, A-5 y apolipoproteína E modulan las concentraciones plasmáticas de lípidos, esto potencia el riesgo de desarrollar una enfermedad cardiovascular, sin dejar de lado los efectos de la ingesta rica en ácidos grasos saturados. A pesar de esto se observa que no todos los individuos responden igual al consumo de grasas y no todos desarrollan dicha enfermedad. Este concepto es aplicable en el contexto de la nutrición personalizada como prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Conclusiones: el tratamiento de la enfermedad cardiovascular depende de las variantes genéticas que influyen sobre la respuesta a la dieta y sobre la forma en cómo determinados nutrientes influyen sobre el genoma...


Introduction: the cardiovascular disease is multifactorial relationship processes including genetic factors and potentially modifiable risk factors, such as diet. The current nutritional recommendations focus on reducing modifiable risk factors, the highlighting the control of elevated plasma cholesterol eg. However, this variable is only within the multiple risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Objective: know to interactions related nutrigenétics nutrigenomics and cardiovascular disease. Methodology: systematic review of literature in the databases PubMed, and Sciel o ELSEIVER. Results: the nutritional interaction as some genes, hepatic lipase, apolipoprotein A1, A-4, A5 and apolipoprotein E modulate plasma lipid levels, this increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, without neglecting the effects of diet rich in saturated fatty acids. Although this shows that not all individuals respond equally to fat and not all develop the disease. This concept is applicable in the context of the personalized nutrition as prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions: the treatment of cardiovascular disease depends on the genetic variants that influence the response to diet and the way how certain nutrients influence the genome...


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Genes , Nutrigenomics
13.
Nutrire Rev. Soc. Bras. Aliment. Nutr ; 36(3)dec. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-614408

ABSTRACT

Appropriate amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are essential to many cellular functions. However, when present in amounts higher than those of the antioxidant system they can promote damages to a great deal of molecules such as DNA, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, which in turnimpair the normal cellular functions. Selenium, discovered by Berzeliusin 1817, had its essentiality established when its role at the active site of glutathione peroxidase was determined. Its functions are completely related to the selenoproteins, and several of them present antioxidant activity, while others are related to the metabolism of some specific organs. Lately, great advances in the molecular biology area have succeeded and the study of metabolic and nutritional aspects is more and more linked to the genotypic individual characteristics. In Nutrition, the identification of polymorphisms at genes that encode proteins involved in the metabolism of nutrients is of great interest. Studies have shown that polymorphisms in genes codifying selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidases and selenoprotein P, seem to interfere with selenium biomarkers, and therefore in the susceptibility to certain diseases. The aim of this work was to summarize the major information related to oxidative stress and to the essential mineral selenium,with emphasis on its antioxidant role, as well as to highlight some singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to this mineral and the possible interaction with its metabolism and functions and to the oxidative stressstatus.


En bajas concentraciones, especies reactivas de oxígeno y nitrógeno son esenciales para diversas funciones celulares. Sin embargo, en concentraciones elevadas o superiores a las de antioxidantes, estas especies reactivas pueden promover daños a varias moléculas, entre las cuales el ADN, proteínas, carbohidratos y lípidos, perjudicando las funciones celulares normales. El selenio, descubierto en 1817 por Berzelius, tuvo su esencialidad demostrada con la comprobación de su participación en el sitio activo de la enzima glutatión peroxidasa. Sus funciones están directamente relacionadas con las selenoproteínas, siendo que gran parte de ellas presentan funciones antioxidantes y otras están comprometidas en el metabolismo de ciertos órganos. A partir de los progresos verificados en el área de la biología molecularen las últimas décadas, el estudio de aspectos metabólicos y nutricionales está cada vez más relacionándose con las características genotípicas de los individuos. En Nutrición, la identificación de polimorfismo en genes que codifican proteínas implicadas en el metabolismo de los nutrientes es muy importante. Los estudioshan demostrado que polimorfismo identificado en los genes que codifican selenoproteínas como la glutatión peroxidasa y la selenoproteína P parece interferir en el comportamiento de los biomarcadores del selenio y por lo tanto, en la susceptibilidad a determinadas enfermedades. El objetivo de este estudio fue resumir las principales informaciones relacionadas al estrésoxidativo y al mineral selenio, con énfasis en su función antioxidante, así como destacar algunos polimorfismos de nucleótido único(SNPs) en relación con este mineral y las posibles interacciones con su metabolismo y funciones, por lo tanto, también con el estrés oxidativo


Em baixas concentrações, espécies reativas de oxigênio e de nitrogênio são essenciais para diversas funções celulares. Entretanto, em quantidades elevadas ou superiores aos níveis de compostos antioxidantes, estas espécies reativas podem promover danos adiversas moléculas, dentre as quais ao DNA, a proteínas, a carboidratos e a lipídios, o que por sua vez, prejudica as funções celulares normais. O selênio, descoberto em 1817 por Berzelius, teve sua essencialidade comprovada quando se verificou sua participação no sítio ativo da enzima glutationa peroxidase. Suas funções estão diretamente relacionadas às selenoproteínas, sendo que grande parte delas apresenta ação antioxidante e outras participam no metabolismo de determinados órgãos. A partir dos avanços verificados na área da biologiamolecular nas últimas décadas, o estudo de aspectos metabólicos e nutricionais está cada vez mais relacionado às características genotípicas dos indivíduos. Em Nutrição, a identificação de polimorfismos em genes que codificam proteínas envolvidas com o metabolismo de nutrientes é de extrema importância. Estudos vêm demonstrando que polimorfismos identificados em genes que codificam selenoproteínas, como as glutationas peroxidases e a selenoproteína P, parecem interferir no comportamento de biomarcadores relativos ao selênio e, portanto, na suscetibilidade a determinadas doenças. O objetivo do trabalho foi sintetizar as principais informações referentes ao estresse oxidativo e ao mineral selênio, com ênfase em sua função antioxidante, bem como destacar alguns polimorfismos de nucleotídeos únicos (SNPs) relacionados a este mineral e a possível interação com seu metabolismo e funções e, portanto, também com o estresse oxidativo.


Subject(s)
Nutrigenomics , Oxidative Stress , Selenium/metabolism , Biological Availability , Free Radicals , Dietary Minerals/analysis
14.
Nutrire Rev. Soc. Bras. Aliment. Nutr ; 35(1)abr. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-545719

ABSTRACT

The genetic map accomplished in the Human Genome Project was crucialto supply the tools and information about genetic aspects. The knowledge about the communication between genes and food compounds, such as nutrients and bioactive compounds, enabled the emergence of two new sciences, named nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. Nutrigenomics refers to the study of how these compounds can act in the genetic expression modulation, while nutrigenetics studies the effect of genetic variation in the diet and disease interaction, with the identification of genes responsible for different responses to diet. Given the importance of understanding thein teraction between diet and gene, whereas the substances found in food can modify phenotype, the purpose of the present work is to search andgather literature data about the main advances in nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics, thus contributing to the updated education of students and health professionals. In order to achieve it, an extensive bibliographic research was done into the main scientific electronic database Pubmed and Medline, using the descriptors Nutrigenomics, Nutritional Genomics, Nutrigenetics. Data observed in literature state that environmental factors, mainly the diet, can initiate different responses among individuals due togenetic variability or polymorphisms. The current technology allows the identification of more than 500 thousand polymorphisms per person. However, only some of them seem to have functional effect. In epigeneticevents, polymorphisms are responsible for modifying the phenotype and even for the function of genes, resulting in metabolic changes such as increase or decrease in dietary intake requirements. So, the challenge isto understand how this interaction works on the balance between healthand disease. This knowledge will allow an effective nutritional interventionby the professional, based on the client's genetic map.


El mapa genético realizado en el Proyecto Genoma Humano fue crucial para suministrar herramientase informaciones sobre los aspectos genéticos. El conocimiento de la comunicación entre los genes y los componentes de los alimentos como los nutrientes y los compuestos bioactivos posibilitó el surgimiento de dos nuevas ciencias llamadas nutrigenómica y nutrigenética. La nutrigenómica se refiere al estudio de cómo tales compuestos actúan en la modulación de la expresión genética, mientras que la nutrigenética estudia el efecto de la variación genética en la interacción entre dieta y enfermedad, con la identificación de los genes responsables por diferentes respuestas a la dieta. Dada la importancia de conocer la interacción gen-nutriente, y a que las sustancias presentes en los alimentos pueden modular la expresión génica y cambiar el fenotipo, el presente trabajo pretende pesquisar y compilar los datos de la literatura sobre los principales avancesen nutrigenómica y nutrigenética. Para ello, fue realizada una extensa investigación bibliográfica en los principales banco de datos electrónico scientíficos Pubmed y Medline, por medio de los descriptores Nutrigenomic, Nutritional Genomics y Nutrigenetic. En la literatura, los datos observados afirman que factores ambientales, principalmente la dieta, pueden desencadenar diferentes respuestas entre los individuos en función de variabilidad genética o polimorfismos. La tecnología actual permite la identificación de más de 500 mil polimorfismos por persona, sin embargo, sólo algunos de ellos tienen efecto funcional. En casos epigenéticos,los polimorfi smos son responsables por la alteración del fenotipo e inclusive por las funciones de los genes que pueden resultar en alteraciones metabólicas tales como el aumento o reducción de la necesidadde ingestión de nutrientes. El desafío es entender como esa interacción influye en el equilibrio entre salud y enfermedad. Tal conocimiento permitirá al profesional de nutrición una i...


O mapeamento genético realizado no Projeto Genoma Humano foi crucial no fornecimento de ferramentas e informações acerca dos aspectos genéticos. O conhecimento da comunicação entre os genes e os compostos dos alimentos, como os nutrientes e os compostos biotativos possibilitou o surgimento de duas novas ciências, denominadas nutrigenômica e nutrigenética. A nutrigenômica se refere ao estudo de como tais compostos atuam na modulação da expressão gênica, enquanto a nutrigenética estuda o efeito da variação genética na interação entre dieta e doença, com a identificação dos genes responsáveis por diferentes respostas para com a dieta. Visto a importância em se compreender a interação genenutriente, já que as substâncias presentes nos alimentos podem modular a expressão gênica, modificando o fenótipo. O presente trabalho visa pesquisar e compilar os dados da literatura sobre os principais avanços na nutrigenômica e nutrigenética, contribuindo com a formação atualizada de estudantes e profissionais da saúde. Para tanto, foi realizada extensa pesquisa bibliográfica nos bancos de dados eletrônicos científicos Pubmed e Medline, por meio dos descritores Nutrigenomic, Nutritional Genomics e Nutrigenetic. Na literatura, os dados observados afirmam que fatores ambientais, principalmente a dieta, podem desencadear diferentes respostas entre os indivíduos em função da variabilidade genética ou polimorfismos. A tecnologia atual permite a identificação de mais de 500 mil polimorfismos por pessoa, porém, somente alguns deles têm efeito funcional. Em eventos epigenéticos, os polimorfismos são responsáveis pela alteração do fenótipo e até mesmo pelas funções dos genes, podendo resultar em alterações metabólicas como no aumento ou redução da necessidade de ingestão dos nutrientes. O desafio é entender como essa interação atua no balanço entre a saúde e a doença. Tal conhecimento poderá possibilitar ao profissional de nutrição uma eficaz intervenção nutricional, uma vez que o mes...


Subject(s)
Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/genetics , Nutrigenomics , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Concept Formation/classification
15.
Journal of the Korean Medical Association ; : 163-172, 2006.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-185051

ABSTRACT

Nutritional genomics (nutrigenomics) is the application of high-throughput functional genomics technologies to nutritional science lying in the interface between the nutritional environment and genetic process. It seeks to provide a molecular genetic understanding of how common dietary nutrition affects health by altering the expression or structure of an individual's genetic makeup. On the other hand, nutrigenetics is significantly different from nutrigenomics since nutrigenetics has been used for decades in certain rare monogenic diseases such as phenylketonuria, and has the potential to provide a basis for personalized dietary recommendation based on the individual's specific genetic background in order to prevent common multifactorial disorders decades before their clinical manifestation. The human genome maps and SNP databases, together with the rapid development of tools suitable for investigating genetic and epigenetic changes in small tissue biopsies provide the means to begin the test hypothesis about the mechanisms by which diet influences disease risk including cancer directly in human subjects, could be inevitable flatforms for clinical application to achieve targeted therapy in near future.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biopsy , Deception , Diet , Epigenomics , Genetic Phenomena , Genome , Genome, Human , Genomics , Hand , Molecular Biology , Nutrigenomics , Nutritional Sciences , Phenylketonurias
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